W3C, the World Wide Web Consortium, describes SVG here: https://www.w3.org/TR/SVG2/intro.html#AboutSVG W3C is the authoritative organization setting international standards. A few quotes:
SVG is a language for describing two-dimensional graphics. As a standalone format or when mixed with other XML, it uses the XML syntax [xml]. SVG code used inside HTML documents uses the HTML syntax [HTML]. SVG allows for three types of graphic objects: vector graphic shapes (e.g., paths consisting of straight lines and curves), images and text. Graphical objects can be grouped, styled, transformed and composited. The feature set includes nested transformations, clipping paths, alpha masks, filter effects and template objects.
Sophisticated applications of SVG are possible by use of a supplemental scripting language which accesses SVG Document Object Model (DOM), which provides complete access to all elements, attributes and properties. A rich set of event handlers can be assigned to any SVG graphical object. Within a web page, the same scripts can work on both HTML and SVG elements. Scripting. SVG is useful for rich graphical presentation of information, including a number of accessibility features that, used correctly, ensure the content can be used by the widest possible audience. But a direct link to source data, where possible, is helpful for many people to understand the content provided.
SVG has been around for a long time. In 2018 SVG 2 was proposed as a Candidate Recommendation.
SVG integrates with HTML (and vice versa). SVG can be styled with CSS. And it can be programmed using Javascript, so all the techniques that you already master can be brought to the table.